화이트앳-ATMEGA128,AVR 정복,아두이노,Cortex-M3

STM32F103xx IO

STM32F103 시리즈는 최대 72Mhz까지 동작합니다. 그렇다고 모든 기능이 72Mh로 동작하는 것은 아니고, 각 기능마다 약간씩 다릅니다. 그 중에서 I/O 토글링은 18Mhz까지 제어할 수 있습니다.

While 사용

위와 같이 기본값을 설정하고 main 에서 while문으로 PORTE의 4번핀을 토글하게 되면

18Mhz로 동작할거 같은데 실제로는 아래처럼 3.13Mhz 로 파형이 나옵니다.

Optimizations

이는 컴파일 옵션에서 옵티마이즈가 None으로 되어 있어서 그런 겁니다.

아래처럼 옵션에서 High(Speed)로 지정하면 됩니다.

그러면 약 8Mhz까지 나옵니다.

왜 8Mhz 까지만 나올까요?

그것은 while(1) 때문입니다. 아래 2줄을 수행한 후 while문을 검사해야 하기 때문에 8Mhz 이상이 나오지 않는 겁니다.

GPIOE->BSRR = GPIO_Pin_4;
GPIOE->BRR = GPIO_Pin_4;

그렇다면 어떻게 해야 18Mhz 를 얻을 수 있을까요?

While(1)을 사용하지 않으면 될텐데…. While(1)을 사용하지 않는다면 프로그램은 무한히 실행되지 않을 겁니다.

그냥 while(1) 문 안에 무한히 토글해주면 됩니다.

13.0902Mhz

13.4992Mhz

아래처럼 하면 거의 18Mhz에 가까워 집니다.

출처 : http://whiteat.com/56416

STM32F103ZET6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103xE.pdf

패키지는 LQFP144 (20x20 mm) 입니다.

Features

• Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU
  • 72 MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access
  • Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division
• Memories
  • 256 to 512 Kbytes of Flash memory
  • up to 64 Kbytes of SRAM
  • Flexible static memory controller with 4 Chip Select. Supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories
  • LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes
• Clock, reset and supply management
  • 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os
  • POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)
  • 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator
  • Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC
  • Internal 40 kHz RC with calibration
  • 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration
• Low power
  • Sleep, Stop and Standby modes
  • V_BAT supply for RTC and backup registers
• 3 × 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 21 channels)
  • Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V
  • Triple-sample and hold capability
  • Temperature sensor
• 2 × 12-bit D/A converters
• DMA: 12-channel DMA controller
  • Supported peripherals: timers, ADCs, DAC, SDIO, I²Ss, SPIs, I²Cs and USARTs
• Debug mode
  • Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces
  • Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™
• Up to 112 fast I/O ports
  • 51/80/112 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant
• Up to 11 timers
  • Up to four 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input
  • 2 × 16-bit motor control PWM timers with dead-time generation and emergency stop
  • 2 × watchdog timers (Independent and Window)
  • SysTick timer: a 24-bit downcounter
  • 2 × 16-bit basic timers to drive the DAC
• Up to 13 communication interfaces
  • Up to 2 × I²C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)
  • Up to 5 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)
  • Up to 3 SPIs (18 Mbit/s), 2 with I²S interface multiplexed
  • CAN interface (2.0B Active)
  • USB 2.0 full speed interface
  • SDIO interface
• CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID
• ECOPACK^®packages

STM32F215RET6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F215xx.pdf

Features

■ Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU with Adaptive real-time accelerator (ART Accelerator™) allowing 0-wait state execution

performance from Flash memory, frequency up to 120 MHz, memory protection unit, 150 DMIPS/1.25 DMIPS/MHz

■ Memories

– Up to 1 Mbyte of Flash memory

– 512 bytes of OTP memory

– Up to 128 + 4 Kbytes of SRAM

– Flexible static memory controller that supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories

– LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– From 1.8 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, PVD and BOR

– 4 to 26 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (1% accuracy at 25 °C)

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

– Internal 32 kHz RC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC, 20 × 32 bit backup registers, and optional 4 KB backup SRAM

■ 3 × 12-bit, 0.5 μs A/D converters

– up to 24 channels

– up to 6 MSPS in triple interleaved mode

■ 2 × 12-bit D/A converters

■ General-purpose DMA

– 16-stream DMA controller with centralized FIFOs and burst support

■ Up to 17 timers

– Up to twelve 16-bit and two 32-bit timers, up to 120 MHz, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

– Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™

■ Up to 140 I/O ports with interrupt capability:

– Up to 136 fast I/Os up to 60 MHz

– Up to 138 5 V-tolerant I/Os

■ Up to 15 communication interfaces

– Up to 3 × I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)

– Up to 4 USARTs and 2 UARTs (7.5 Mbit/s, ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA, modem control)

– Up to 3 SPIs (30 Mbit/s), 2 with muxed I2S to achieve audio class accuracy via audio PLL or external PLL

– 2 × CAN interfaces (2.0B Active)

– SDIO interface

■ Advanced connectivity

– USB 2.0 full-speed device/host/OTG controller with on-chip PHY

– USB 2.0 high-speed/full-speed device/host/OTG controller with dedicated DMA, on-chip full-speed PHY and ULPI

– 10/100 Ethernet MAC with dedicated DMA: supports IEEE 1588v2 hardware, MII/RMII

■ 8- to 14-bit parallel camera interface: up to 48 Mbyte/s

■ Cryptographic acceleration

– Hardware acceleration for AES 128, 192, 256, Triple DES, HASH (MD5, SHA-1)

– Analog true random number generator

■ CRC calculation unit

■ 96-bit unique ID

■ Analog true random number generator

STM32F103RBT6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103xB.pdf

Features

■ ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU Core

– 72 MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access

– Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division

■ Memories

– 64 or 128 Kbytes of Flash memory

– 20 Kbytes of SRAM

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)

– 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC

– Internal 40 kHz RC

– PLL for CPU clock

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers

■ 2 x 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 16 channels)

– Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V

– Dual-sample and hold capability

– Temperature sensor

■ DMA

– 7-channel DMA controller

– Peripherals supported: timers, ADC, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs

■ Up to 80 fast I/O ports

– 26/37/51/80 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

■ 7 timers

– Three 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input

– 16-bit, motor control PWM timer with deadtime generation and emergency stop

– 2 watchdog timers (Independent and Window)

– SysTick timer 24-bit downcounter

■ Up to 9 communication interfaces

– Up to 2 x I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)

– Up to 3 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)

– Up to 2 SPIs (18 Mbit/s)

– CAN interface (2.0B Active)

– USB 2.0 full-speed interface

■ CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID

■ Packages are ECOPACK®

 STM32F103VET6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103xE.pdf

Features

• Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU
  • 72 MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access
  • Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division
• Memories
  • 256 to 512 Kbytes of Flash memory
  • up to 64 Kbytes of SRAM
  • Flexible static memory controller with 4 Chip Select. Supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories
  • LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes
• Clock, reset and supply management
  • 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os
  • POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)
  • 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator
  • Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC
  • Internal 40 kHz RC with calibration
  • 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration
• Low power
  • Sleep, Stop and Standby modes
  • V_BAT supply for RTC and backup registers
• 3 × 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 21 channels)
  • Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V
  • Triple-sample and hold capability
  • Temperature sensor
• 2 × 12-bit D/A converters
• DMA: 12-channel DMA controller
  • Supported peripherals: timers, ADCs, DAC, SDIO, I²Ss, SPIs, I²Cs and USARTs
• Debug mode
  • Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces
  • Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™
• Up to 112 fast I/O ports
  • 51/80/112 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant
• Up to 11 timers
  • Up to four 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input
  • 2 × 16-bit motor control PWM timers with dead-time generation and emergency stop
  • 2 × watchdog timers (Independent and Window)
  • SysTick timer: a 24-bit downcounter
  • 2 × 16-bit basic timers to drive the DAC
• Up to 13 communication interfaces
  • Up to 2 × I²C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)
  • Up to 5 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)
  • Up to 3 SPIs (18 Mbit/s), 2 with I²S interface multiplexed
  • CAN interface (2.0B Active)
  • USB 2.0 full speed interface
  • SDIO interface
• CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID
• ECOPACK^®packages

STM32F103VCT6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103xC.pdf

Features

■ Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU

– 72 MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access

– Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division

■ Memories

– 256 to 512 Kbytes of Flash memory

– up to 64 Kbytes of SRAM

– Flexible static memory controller with 4 Chip Select. Supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories

– LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)

– 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC

– Internal 40 kHz RC with calibration

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers

■ 3 × 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 21 channels)

– Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V

– Triple-sample and hold capability

– Temperature sensor

■ 2 × 12-bit D/A converters

■ DMA: 12-channel DMA controller

– Supported peripherals: timers, ADCs, DAC, SDIO, I2Ss, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

– Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™

■ Up to 112 fast I/O ports

– 51/80/112 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant

■ Up to 11 timers

– Up to four 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input

– 2 × 16-bit motor control PWM timers with dead-time generation and emergency stop

– 2 × watchdog timers (Independent and Window)

– SysTick timer: a 24-bit downcounter

– 2 × 16-bit basic timers to drive the DAC

■ Up to 13 communication interfaces

– Up to 2 × I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)

– Up to 5 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)

– Up to 3 SPIs (18 Mbit/s), 2 with I2S interface multiplexed

– CAN interface (2.0B Active)

– USB 2.0 full speed interface

– SDIO interface

■ CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID

■ ECOPACK® packages

STM32F205RET6

DATA SHEET:
 

STM32F205xx.pdf

Features

• Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU with Adaptive real-time accelerator (ART Accelerator™) allowing 0-wait state execution performance from Flash memory, frequency up to 120 MHz, memory protection unit, 150 DMIPS/1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1)
• Memories
  • Up to 1 Mbyte of Flash memory
  • 512 bytes of OTP memory
  • Up to 128 + 4 Kbytes of SRAM
  • Flexible static memory controller that supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories
  • LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes
• Clock, reset and supply management
  • From 1.65 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os
  • POR, PDR, PVD and BOR
  • 4 to 26 MHz crystal oscillator
  • Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (1% accuracy at 25 °C)
  • 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration
  • Internal 32 kHz RC with calibration
• Low power
  • Sleep, Stop and Standby modes
  • V_BATsupply for RTC, 20 × 32 bit backup registers, and optional 4 KB backup SRAM
• 3 × 12-bit, 0.5 μs A/D converters
  • up to 24 channels
  • up to 6 MSPS in triple interleaved mode
• 2 × 12-bit D/A converters
• General-purpose DMA
  • 16-stream DMA controller with centralized FIFOs and burst support
• Up to 17 timers
  • Up to twelve 16-bit and two 32-bit timers, up to 120 MHz, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input
• Debug mode
  • Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces
  • Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™
• Up to 140 I/O ports with interrupt capability:
  • Up to 136 fast I/Os up to 60 MHz
  • Up to 138 5 V-tolerant I/Os
• Up to 15 communication interfaces
  • Up to 3 × I²C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)
  • Up to 4 USARTs and 2 UARTs (7.5 Mbit/s, ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA, modem control)
  • Up to 3 SPIs (30 Mbit/s), 2 with muxed I²S to achieve audio class accuracy via audio PLL or external PLL
  • 2 × CAN interfaces (2.0B Active)
  • SDIO interface
• Advanced connectivity
  • USB 2.0 full-speed device/host/OTG controller with on-chip PHY
  • USB 2.0 high-speed/full-speed device/host/OTG controller with dedicated DMA, on-chip full-speed PHY and ULPI
  • 10/100 Ethernet MAC with dedicated DMA: supports IEEE 1588v2 hardware, MII/RMII
• 8- to 14-bit parallel camera interface: up to 48 Mbyte/s
• CRC calculation unit
• 96-bit unique ID
• Analog true random number generator

STM32F103RCT6

DATA SHEET:
 

STM32F103xC.pdf

Features

■ Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU

– 72 MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access

– Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division

■ Memories

– 256 to 512 Kbytes of Flash memory

– up to 64 Kbytes of SRAM

– Flexible static memory controller with 4 Chip Select. Supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories

– LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)

– 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC

– Internal 40 kHz RC with calibration

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers

■ 3 × 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 21 channels)

– Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V

– Triple-sample and hold capability

– Temperature sensor

■ 2 × 12-bit D/A converters

■ DMA: 12-channel DMA controller

– Supported peripherals: timers, ADCs, DAC, SDIO, I2Ss, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

– Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™

■ Up to 112 fast I/O ports

– 51/80/112 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant

■ Up to 11 timers

– Up to four 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input

– 2 × 16-bit motor control PWM timers with dead-time generation and emergency stop

– 2 × watchdog timers (Independent and Window)

– SysTick timer: a 24-bit downcounter

– 2 × 16-bit basic timers to drive the DAC

■ Up to 13 communication interfaces

– Up to 2 × I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)

– Up to 5 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)

– Up to 3 SPIs (18 Mbit/s), 2 with I2S interface multiplexed

– CAN interface (2.0B Active)

– USB 2.0 full speed interface

– SDIO interface

■ CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID

■ ECOPACK® packages

STM32F103R6T6A

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103x6.pdf

Features

ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU Core

– 72 MHz maximum frequency,1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access

– Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division

■ Memories

– 16 or 32 Kbytes of Flash memory

– 6 or 10 Kbytes of SRAM

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)

– 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC

– Internal 40 kHz RC

– PLL for CPU clock

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers

■ 2 x 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 16 channels)

– Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V

– Dual-sample and hold capability

– Temperature sensor

■ DMA

– 7-channel DMA controller

– Peripherals supported: timers, ADC, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs

■ Up to 51 fast I/O ports

– 26/37/51 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

■ 6 timers

– Two 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input

– 16-bit, motor control PWM timer with deadtime generation and emergency stop

– 2 watchdog timers (Independent and Window)

– SysTick timer 24-bit downcounter

■ 6 communication interfaces

– 21 x I2C interface (SMBus/PMBus)

– 2 × USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)

– 1 × SPI (18 Mbit/s)

– CAN interface (2.0B Active)

– USB 2.0 full-speed interface

■ CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID

■ Packages are ECOPACK®

STMicroelectronics STM8L-Discovery Board

■ On-board ST-LINK with selection mode switch to use the kit as stand-alone ST-LINK with SWD connector

■ Designed to be powered by USB or by external power 5V or 3.3V supply

■ Can supply target application with 5V or 3V

■ IDD consumption measurement in Low Power Modes

■ Two User LEDs (Green and Blue)

■ One User Push Button

■ Extension header for all I/Os for quick connection to prototyping board or easy probing

Quick, Cost-Effective Way to Discover STM8L MCUs

The STMicroelectronics STM8L-Discovery Board is based on the STM8L152C6T6 microcontroller (MCU) and is a quick-start evaluation board for STM8L ultra-low-power MCUs. The STM8L Discovery Board is the quickest way to discover the STM8L, to program and use the device, and to build and debug applications. This STMicroelectronics evaluation board includes the embedded debugger ST-LINK and an I_DD consumption measurement feature that helps you to discover the ultra-low-power efficiency. The STMicroelectronics STM8L-Discovery also features an LCD (24 segments, 4 commons), LEDs, and push buttons. Demonstration software is preloaded in the board's Flash memory, and numerous applications are available to learn, reuse, and modify code for a fast time to proof-of-concept or demonstration. The latest versions of this demonstration source code and associated documentation can be downloaded from www.st.com/stm8l-discovery. The STM8L-Discovery is ideal for hobbyists, developers, students, and support teams.

DATA BRIEF

APPLICATION NOTES