화이트앳-ATMEGA128,AVR 정복,아두이노,Cortex-M3

STM32F103xx IO

STM32F103 시리즈는 최대 72Mhz까지 동작합니다. 그렇다고 모든 기능이 72Mh로 동작하는 것은 아니고, 각 기능마다 약간씩 다릅니다. 그 중에서 I/O 토글링은 18Mhz까지 제어할 수 있습니다.

While 사용

위와 같이 기본값을 설정하고 main 에서 while문으로 PORTE의 4번핀을 토글하게 되면

18Mhz로 동작할거 같은데 실제로는 아래처럼 3.13Mhz 로 파형이 나옵니다.

Optimizations

이는 컴파일 옵션에서 옵티마이즈가 None으로 되어 있어서 그런 겁니다.

아래처럼 옵션에서 High(Speed)로 지정하면 됩니다.

그러면 약 8Mhz까지 나옵니다.

왜 8Mhz 까지만 나올까요?

그것은 while(1) 때문입니다. 아래 2줄을 수행한 후 while문을 검사해야 하기 때문에 8Mhz 이상이 나오지 않는 겁니다.

GPIOE->BSRR = GPIO_Pin_4;
GPIOE->BRR = GPIO_Pin_4;

그렇다면 어떻게 해야 18Mhz 를 얻을 수 있을까요?

While(1)을 사용하지 않으면 될텐데…. While(1)을 사용하지 않는다면 프로그램은 무한히 실행되지 않을 겁니다.

그냥 while(1) 문 안에 무한히 토글해주면 됩니다.

13.0902Mhz

13.4992Mhz

아래처럼 하면 거의 18Mhz에 가까워 집니다.

출처 : http://whiteat.com/56416

STM32F103ZET6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103xE.pdf

패키지는 LQFP144 (20x20 mm) 입니다.

Features

• Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU
  • 72 MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access
  • Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division
• Memories
  • 256 to 512 Kbytes of Flash memory
  • up to 64 Kbytes of SRAM
  • Flexible static memory controller with 4 Chip Select. Supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories
  • LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes
• Clock, reset and supply management
  • 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os
  • POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)
  • 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator
  • Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC
  • Internal 40 kHz RC with calibration
  • 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration
• Low power
  • Sleep, Stop and Standby modes
  • V_BAT supply for RTC and backup registers
• 3 × 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 21 channels)
  • Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V
  • Triple-sample and hold capability
  • Temperature sensor
• 2 × 12-bit D/A converters
• DMA: 12-channel DMA controller
  • Supported peripherals: timers, ADCs, DAC, SDIO, I²Ss, SPIs, I²Cs and USARTs
• Debug mode
  • Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces
  • Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™
• Up to 112 fast I/O ports
  • 51/80/112 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant
• Up to 11 timers
  • Up to four 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input
  • 2 × 16-bit motor control PWM timers with dead-time generation and emergency stop
  • 2 × watchdog timers (Independent and Window)
  • SysTick timer: a 24-bit downcounter
  • 2 × 16-bit basic timers to drive the DAC
• Up to 13 communication interfaces
  • Up to 2 × I²C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)
  • Up to 5 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)
  • Up to 3 SPIs (18 Mbit/s), 2 with I²S interface multiplexed
  • CAN interface (2.0B Active)
  • USB 2.0 full speed interface
  • SDIO interface
• CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID
• ECOPACK^®packages

STM32F215RET6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F215xx.pdf

Features

■ Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU with Adaptive real-time accelerator (ART Accelerator™) allowing 0-wait state execution

performance from Flash memory, frequency up to 120 MHz, memory protection unit, 150 DMIPS/1.25 DMIPS/MHz

■ Memories

– Up to 1 Mbyte of Flash memory

– 512 bytes of OTP memory

– Up to 128 + 4 Kbytes of SRAM

– Flexible static memory controller that supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories

– LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– From 1.8 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, PVD and BOR

– 4 to 26 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (1% accuracy at 25 °C)

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

– Internal 32 kHz RC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC, 20 × 32 bit backup registers, and optional 4 KB backup SRAM

■ 3 × 12-bit, 0.5 μs A/D converters

– up to 24 channels

– up to 6 MSPS in triple interleaved mode

■ 2 × 12-bit D/A converters

■ General-purpose DMA

– 16-stream DMA controller with centralized FIFOs and burst support

■ Up to 17 timers

– Up to twelve 16-bit and two 32-bit timers, up to 120 MHz, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

– Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™

■ Up to 140 I/O ports with interrupt capability:

– Up to 136 fast I/Os up to 60 MHz

– Up to 138 5 V-tolerant I/Os

■ Up to 15 communication interfaces

– Up to 3 × I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)

– Up to 4 USARTs and 2 UARTs (7.5 Mbit/s, ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA, modem control)

– Up to 3 SPIs (30 Mbit/s), 2 with muxed I2S to achieve audio class accuracy via audio PLL or external PLL

– 2 × CAN interfaces (2.0B Active)

– SDIO interface

■ Advanced connectivity

– USB 2.0 full-speed device/host/OTG controller with on-chip PHY

– USB 2.0 high-speed/full-speed device/host/OTG controller with dedicated DMA, on-chip full-speed PHY and ULPI

– 10/100 Ethernet MAC with dedicated DMA: supports IEEE 1588v2 hardware, MII/RMII

■ 8- to 14-bit parallel camera interface: up to 48 Mbyte/s

■ Cryptographic acceleration

– Hardware acceleration for AES 128, 192, 256, Triple DES, HASH (MD5, SHA-1)

– Analog true random number generator

■ CRC calculation unit

■ 96-bit unique ID

■ Analog true random number generator

STM32F103RBT6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103xB.pdf

Features

■ ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU Core

– 72 MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access

– Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division

■ Memories

– 64 or 128 Kbytes of Flash memory

– 20 Kbytes of SRAM

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)

– 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC

– Internal 40 kHz RC

– PLL for CPU clock

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers

■ 2 x 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 16 channels)

– Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V

– Dual-sample and hold capability

– Temperature sensor

■ DMA

– 7-channel DMA controller

– Peripherals supported: timers, ADC, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs

■ Up to 80 fast I/O ports

– 26/37/51/80 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

■ 7 timers

– Three 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input

– 16-bit, motor control PWM timer with deadtime generation and emergency stop

– 2 watchdog timers (Independent and Window)

– SysTick timer 24-bit downcounter

■ Up to 9 communication interfaces

– Up to 2 x I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)

– Up to 3 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)

– Up to 2 SPIs (18 Mbit/s)

– CAN interface (2.0B Active)

– USB 2.0 full-speed interface

■ CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID

■ Packages are ECOPACK®

 STM32F103VET6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103xE.pdf

Features

• Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU
  • 72 MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access
  • Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division
• Memories
  • 256 to 512 Kbytes of Flash memory
  • up to 64 Kbytes of SRAM
  • Flexible static memory controller with 4 Chip Select. Supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories
  • LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes
• Clock, reset and supply management
  • 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os
  • POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)
  • 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator
  • Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC
  • Internal 40 kHz RC with calibration
  • 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration
• Low power
  • Sleep, Stop and Standby modes
  • V_BAT supply for RTC and backup registers
• 3 × 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 21 channels)
  • Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V
  • Triple-sample and hold capability
  • Temperature sensor
• 2 × 12-bit D/A converters
• DMA: 12-channel DMA controller
  • Supported peripherals: timers, ADCs, DAC, SDIO, I²Ss, SPIs, I²Cs and USARTs
• Debug mode
  • Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces
  • Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™
• Up to 112 fast I/O ports
  • 51/80/112 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant
• Up to 11 timers
  • Up to four 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input
  • 2 × 16-bit motor control PWM timers with dead-time generation and emergency stop
  • 2 × watchdog timers (Independent and Window)
  • SysTick timer: a 24-bit downcounter
  • 2 × 16-bit basic timers to drive the DAC
• Up to 13 communication interfaces
  • Up to 2 × I²C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)
  • Up to 5 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)
  • Up to 3 SPIs (18 Mbit/s), 2 with I²S interface multiplexed
  • CAN interface (2.0B Active)
  • USB 2.0 full speed interface
  • SDIO interface
• CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID
• ECOPACK^®packages

STM32F103VCT6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103xC.pdf

Features

■ Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU

– 72 MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access

– Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division

■ Memories

– 256 to 512 Kbytes of Flash memory

– up to 64 Kbytes of SRAM

– Flexible static memory controller with 4 Chip Select. Supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories

– LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)

– 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC

– Internal 40 kHz RC with calibration

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers

■ 3 × 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 21 channels)

– Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V

– Triple-sample and hold capability

– Temperature sensor

■ 2 × 12-bit D/A converters

■ DMA: 12-channel DMA controller

– Supported peripherals: timers, ADCs, DAC, SDIO, I2Ss, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

– Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™

■ Up to 112 fast I/O ports

– 51/80/112 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant

■ Up to 11 timers

– Up to four 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input

– 2 × 16-bit motor control PWM timers with dead-time generation and emergency stop

– 2 × watchdog timers (Independent and Window)

– SysTick timer: a 24-bit downcounter

– 2 × 16-bit basic timers to drive the DAC

■ Up to 13 communication interfaces

– Up to 2 × I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)

– Up to 5 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)

– Up to 3 SPIs (18 Mbit/s), 2 with I2S interface multiplexed

– CAN interface (2.0B Active)

– USB 2.0 full speed interface

– SDIO interface

■ CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID

■ ECOPACK® packages

STM32F205RET6

DATA SHEET:
 

STM32F205xx.pdf

Features

• Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU with Adaptive real-time accelerator (ART Accelerator™) allowing 0-wait state execution performance from Flash memory, frequency up to 120 MHz, memory protection unit, 150 DMIPS/1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1)
• Memories
  • Up to 1 Mbyte of Flash memory
  • 512 bytes of OTP memory
  • Up to 128 + 4 Kbytes of SRAM
  • Flexible static memory controller that supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories
  • LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes
• Clock, reset and supply management
  • From 1.65 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os
  • POR, PDR, PVD and BOR
  • 4 to 26 MHz crystal oscillator
  • Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (1% accuracy at 25 °C)
  • 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration
  • Internal 32 kHz RC with calibration
• Low power
  • Sleep, Stop and Standby modes
  • V_BATsupply for RTC, 20 × 32 bit backup registers, and optional 4 KB backup SRAM
• 3 × 12-bit, 0.5 μs A/D converters
  • up to 24 channels
  • up to 6 MSPS in triple interleaved mode
• 2 × 12-bit D/A converters
• General-purpose DMA
  • 16-stream DMA controller with centralized FIFOs and burst support
• Up to 17 timers
  • Up to twelve 16-bit and two 32-bit timers, up to 120 MHz, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input
• Debug mode
  • Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces
  • Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™
• Up to 140 I/O ports with interrupt capability:
  • Up to 136 fast I/Os up to 60 MHz
  • Up to 138 5 V-tolerant I/Os
• Up to 15 communication interfaces
  • Up to 3 × I²C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)
  • Up to 4 USARTs and 2 UARTs (7.5 Mbit/s, ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA, modem control)
  • Up to 3 SPIs (30 Mbit/s), 2 with muxed I²S to achieve audio class accuracy via audio PLL or external PLL
  • 2 × CAN interfaces (2.0B Active)
  • SDIO interface
• Advanced connectivity
  • USB 2.0 full-speed device/host/OTG controller with on-chip PHY
  • USB 2.0 high-speed/full-speed device/host/OTG controller with dedicated DMA, on-chip full-speed PHY and ULPI
  • 10/100 Ethernet MAC with dedicated DMA: supports IEEE 1588v2 hardware, MII/RMII
• 8- to 14-bit parallel camera interface: up to 48 Mbyte/s
• CRC calculation unit
• 96-bit unique ID
• Analog true random number generator

STM32F103RCT6

DATA SHEET:
 

STM32F103xC.pdf

Features

■ Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU

– 72 MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access

– Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division

■ Memories

– 256 to 512 Kbytes of Flash memory

– up to 64 Kbytes of SRAM

– Flexible static memory controller with 4 Chip Select. Supports Compact Flash, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories

– LCD parallel interface, 8080/6800 modes

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)

– 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC

– Internal 40 kHz RC with calibration

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers

■ 3 × 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 21 channels)

– Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V

– Triple-sample and hold capability

– Temperature sensor

■ 2 × 12-bit D/A converters

■ DMA: 12-channel DMA controller

– Supported peripherals: timers, ADCs, DAC, SDIO, I2Ss, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

– Cortex-M3 Embedded Trace Macrocell™

■ Up to 112 fast I/O ports

– 51/80/112 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant

■ Up to 11 timers

– Up to four 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input

– 2 × 16-bit motor control PWM timers with dead-time generation and emergency stop

– 2 × watchdog timers (Independent and Window)

– SysTick timer: a 24-bit downcounter

– 2 × 16-bit basic timers to drive the DAC

■ Up to 13 communication interfaces

– Up to 2 × I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)

– Up to 5 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)

– Up to 3 SPIs (18 Mbit/s), 2 with I2S interface multiplexed

– CAN interface (2.0B Active)

– USB 2.0 full speed interface

– SDIO interface

■ CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID

■ ECOPACK® packages

STM32F103R6T6A

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103x6.pdf

Features

ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU Core

– 72 MHz maximum frequency,1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory access

– Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division

■ Memories

– 16 or 32 Kbytes of Flash memory

– 6 or 10 Kbytes of SRAM

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)

– 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC

– Internal 40 kHz RC

– PLL for CPU clock

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers

■ 2 x 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 16 channels)

– Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V

– Dual-sample and hold capability

– Temperature sensor

■ DMA

– 7-channel DMA controller

– Peripherals supported: timers, ADC, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs

■ Up to 51 fast I/O ports

– 26/37/51 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

■ 6 timers

– Two 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature (incremental) encoder input

– 16-bit, motor control PWM timer with deadtime generation and emergency stop

– 2 watchdog timers (Independent and Window)

– SysTick timer 24-bit downcounter

■ 6 communication interfaces

– 21 x I2C interface (SMBus/PMBus)

– 2 × USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)

– 1 × SPI (18 Mbit/s)

– CAN interface (2.0B Active)

– USB 2.0 full-speed interface

■ CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID

■ Packages are ECOPACK®

STM32F103CBT6

DATA SHEET:

STM32F103CBT6.pdf

Features

■ ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU Core

– 72 MHz maximum frequency,

1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1)

performance at 0 wait state memory access

– Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division

■ Memories

– 64 or 128 Kbytes of Flash memory

– 20 Kbytes of SRAM

■ Clock, reset and supply management

– 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

– POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)

– 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator

– Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC

– Internal 40 kHz RC

– PLL for CPU clock

– 32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

■ Low power

– Sleep, Stop and Standby modes

– VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers

■ 2 x 12-bit, 1 μs A/D converters (up to 16 channels)

– Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V

– Dual-sample and hold capability

– Temperature sensor

■ DMA

– 7-channel DMA controller

– Peripherals supported: timers, ADC, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs

■ Up to 80 fast I/O ports

– 26/37/51/80 I/Os, all mappable on 16

external interrupt vectors and almost all 5 V-tolerant

■ Debug mode

– Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

■ 7 timers

– Three 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and

quadrature (incremental) encoder input

– 16-bit, motor control PWM timer with deadtime generation and emergency stop

– 2 watchdog timers (Independent and Window)

– SysTick timer 24-bit downcounter

■ Up to 9 communication interfaces

– Up to 2 x I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)

– Up to 3 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)

– Up to 2 SPIs (18 Mbit/s)

– CAN interface (2.0B Active)

– USB 2.0 full-speed interface

■ CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID

■ Packages are ECOPACK®